Firstly, what does auteur theory mean? Essay

Firstly, what does auteur theory mean? It compares the film director to the author of a book, it attributes artistic control to the director and proposes that the film is the artistic project of the director primarily. His or her vision, creativity, and design determine the end result, the finished film. Basically, it means that if the director is an auteur, the film will be completely their ideas and visions and they have complete control of it. I believe Danny Boyle uses this control to make his films. Danny Boyle was born in Manchester in 1956. He started a career in theatre at the age of 18 and by the time he left the Royal Court Theatre in 1987 he was the deputy director. He also did some television direction in the 80s including Mr Wroe’s Virgins and episodes of Inspector Morse. Shallow Grave, released in 1994, was Danny Boyle’s first film. It took 30 days to film and had a budget of i 1,000,000. i 150,000 was from Glasgow Film Fund and the remaining i 850,000 came from Channel Four. Although the film was set in Edinburgh, the money from Glasgow meant that a lot of the film was made there. The film’s scriptwriter John Hodge was very clear minded about how to get the film made for â€Å"virtually nothing†, for instance the majority of the film is filmed inside a flat. Danny Boyle said the film has â€Å"fascinating character development† but not in the â€Å"traditional† way because â€Å"audiences are not there primarily to watch a character being drawn†¦ they want the excitement and speed of the journey that cinema can provide†. He described the film as â€Å"intelligent entertainment†, meaning that it doesn’t patronise audiences and there’s an agenda behind the film if they want to look for one. He, John Hodge and producer Andrew MacDonald all wanted the film to be a partnership of 3 performers. They didn’t approach one major star because they thought the audiences would all be concentrating on that one person. To prepare for the film, Boyle lived in a flat for a week with the three actors. CLIP OF SHALLOW GRAVE Trainspotting, released in 1996, was the second film from the team of Danny Boyle, Andrew MacDonald and John Hodge. The screenplay was adapted from the Irvine Welsh novel of the same name. John Hodge took some persuading to make the film – he described the novel as having â€Å"no story† and Welsh’s prose as â€Å"dialogue-driven†. Again, it took 30 days to shoot. The film cost i 1. 6 million, financed by Channel 4 who was able to pre-sell it on the back of the success of Shallow Grave. The film went on to take i 13 million worldwide and is the second highest grossing British film of all time – after Four Weddings and a Funeral. Danny Boyle thoroughly researched heroin addiction for the film – he met a lot of addicts and got them to talk to the actors and held â€Å"cookery classes† where the actors learnt how to cook up. Ewan McGregor also read all the books he could find on the subject. Ewan McGregor was the only advance casting the team made – all the other actors had to audition. Robert Carlyle expects to play the lead in a film but he accepted playing a part under McGregor so the team â€Å"knew [they] were getting thoroughbreds all the way down†. The film was criticised for its â€Å"neutral attitude† to drugs but Boyle said that patronising and preaching to today’s youth was pointless and in today’s culture you need to speak directly to them. So, the film shows the dangers drugs can provide but also the pleasures. Danny Boyle used the soundtrack in this film to move the narrative along quickly – it moves through time, but also to attract audiences. CLIP OF TRAINSPOTTING The team rejected Alien 4 in 1997 to make A Life Less Ordinary. Danny Boyle said of the Alien film â€Å"I don’t do storyboards†. He was worried he would not have the creative freedom he liked and he would become swamped in high pressure film-making. The film was bigger than their previous two – it took 50 days to shoot and had a budget of i 7. 5 million, financed by Twentieth Century Fox. Despite this and the fact it was a romantic comedy shot in Utah, Danny Boyle still considers it a British film, albeit partly so. He said he wanted to combine the two cultures as much as possible but the film wasn’t developed in America, was made by the three of them and starred Ewan McGregor. He shot the film in America and brought it home to edit. The film uses the same surrealism that sometimes appears in Trainspotting. CLIP OF A LIFE LESS ORDINARY The Beach, released in 2000, was the first film made by the team that didn’t star Ewan McGregor. It is a Hollywood film with a budget of i 25 million financed by Twenty-first Century Fox. Before the team even approached the studio, they bought the rights to the book, adapted the screenplay and travelled to Thailand to research so that when they did contact the studio, they had a script, photos of locations and knew what the budget would need to be. In Alex Garland’s original book, Leonardo DiCaprio’s character Richard is English. Boyle felt this would not have worldwide appeal so he chose to make him American and chose Leo to play him. In the film, Richard lies to his girlfriend about sleeping with another woman and later splits up with her. The studio tried to get Boyle to change these things but he retained his creative control. This film is a perfect example of how he lures audiences into his films then shocks them. This film has all elements to make a film popular – big Hollywood star, soundtrack, adventure, romance – but the story soon changes to a much darker one than an average Hollywood blockbuster. There were reports of Boyle being disrespectful to Thailand authorities and damaging land but he made every effort not to and he is proud of his end result, as this quote shows.

Primary school Essay

Schooldays are the most pleasurable gift that are directly gifted by god to every human. It is filled with happiness. It also acquaints me to some precious friends and unforgettable thoughts to my life. I am privileged to share my reminiscence of my school The name of my school is sithi vinayagar primary school in agathapati. I reside in venkatayapuram. My native is pastoral background devoid of basic needs. Even for catering our necessity we depend on the nearby village sundrapandium. Due to non-availability of transport, I and my friends used to walk half hour to reach my school. It was a management school of belonging to a particular caste group. These prevails the dominance of the caste students over the other sects of students There were five teachers working under a single head master. People from the surrounding villages work in different posts. My school locked good infrastructure, as it is located in the outskirts of the village. No one pays respect to my school . only for earning a good income management dares to function the school. My school commence from 9 am to 5 pm. by 9. 00am prayer song would be sung leading up to the announcement with the national anthem in the end of the prayer session. After that we enter into our respective classes as regular sessions commences then. At 12. 30 am all the students gathered under the neem tree and share their lunch wit their friends. After that we played together. The school routine comes to an end at 5 pm and we return home happily. During Friday and Monday, students were strictly advised to wear uniform. Personally I hate those two days because my friends and I enjoy wearing colour dresses than uniform. Every year I wait for annual day function. The preparations begin almost two or three weeks in advance with a lot of rehearsals. My friends and I eager in participating in drama. While doing my third standard, I earned a first prize by participating in a drama. In my school days I had the passion to participate in other activities than subjects. So my friends and I were not interested in going school. Contrary to that our parents strictly forced us to go to school. Usually I try to invent reasons to be away from tedious school hours. But all my attempts remain futile. During rainy days, flood encounters our two villages. So holidays may be announced from schools. I enjoyed those days and my mind long to cherish those days. I was not interested in studies, so even solving simple calculations seem to be a complex issue for me. Exams take a shape of the giant before me always. Any how I managed exams easily by keeping the books open. When I was in school, the importance of my school life was not known to me. When I was in fifth standard my school was in critical condition. The management decided to utilize the area of land constructed for a marriage hall. After a long search, they allotted a big house as our school premises. After completing my fifth standard, I shift my home to near down for my higher studies. But my school was not able to survive for a long time. At present I in my college ,but I will never forget my primary school. Eventhogh it was a past experience. A school plays a vital role in everyone’s life. So don’t forget your school. I wish that everyone should enjoy their school life with full joy and pleasure.

Ielts Sample Writing Essay

The amount of sport shown on television every week has increased significantly and this is having an impact on live sports events. Do you think the benefits of having more televised sport are greater than the disadvantages? Sample answer It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week, and the current amount of coverage will undoubtedly increase in the near future. This is definitely affecting the live sports themselves at some ways, and there are both benefits and drawbacks to this. Why there has been so much sport broadcast? For one thing, with the development of digital broadcasting, there are more TV channels than there were a decade ago. For another thing, sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women. What are the benefits of the increasing televised sport programs? For the sport profession, it is advantageous to have the injection of capital provided by television companies. Large football clubs also benefit financially from TV revenue and the top players can ask for large salaries. Less popular sports also receive money that can be invested in training and awareness-raising. Moreover, there is a health benefit to some of the population, because through televised sport, more people have become interested in actually playing sport. However, there are certain disadvantages to having so much sport on television. Considering football again, many small clubs are suffering financial losses recently, as they cannot compete with the larger ones. There has been a general decline in ticket sales, especially among smaller clubs. Fewer people attend live matches at stadiums nowadays, preferring to watch the live broadcast at their comfort living rooms. What is more, ticket prices have risen dramatically. To sum up, while televised sport has created many opportunities and benefited certain individuals and clubs enormously, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live events for ever.

Business and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business and Sustainability - Essay Example Also, Wal-Mart's presence in 13 international markets including the UK, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Brazil and China, it also allows Asda to foray easily into new markets. (Barnes 2004) The Wal-Mart umbrella not only provides Asda with a strong brand image but also fuels the company's top line growth. Asda's George apparel line started as a small unknown brand in 100 ASDA stores. It is now the second largest clothing retailer in the UK by volume selling in more than 250 stores in the UK. Furthermore, George now has a presence in five other countries including Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Japan and the US. George products are available for men, women, and children and include apparel, shoes, handbags and even eyeglass frames in select stores. (DesJardins 2006) The George brand, known for style and quality, continues to grow in popularity as a favorite fashion choice across the globe. Strong brand image f George allows the group to extend the brand into other product lines. Asda is the second largest chain f supermarkets in UK with a market share f 16.8% as f February 2007. Furthermore, the company outperformed the rest f the retail sector for the first time in three years in terms f growth rate. The overall growth rate f the company was recorded at 9% for the fiscal 2007. Asda's competitors on other hand recorded a low growth rate during the same period. (Thomas 2003) For instance, Sainsbury recorded a growth rate f 7.8%, Tesco (7.2%), Morrisons (3.9%) and Somerfield (-3.8%). This was primarily due to attracting one million new customers through its checkouts and re-evaluation f its customer offer and pricing strategy. Asda can leverage this growth to further enhance its revenues and profitability. (DesJardins 2006) Evaluation f ASDA's non-financial reporting practices Asda has recalled many products in the last year. In August 2007, Asda recalled 115,000 Chinese-made children's bottles in response to a customer complaint regarding the breaking f caps f the bottle. The yellow, pink and orange colored reusable bottles are aimed at children aged three upwards. The recalled bottles were initially priced at 1.25 each then reduced to 63p. Earlier in February 2007, Asda recalled its George kid's snow boot as due to a problem with the toggle that tightened it. Additionally, Asda recalled all batches f its own-brand 500g packs f Simply Porridge due to possible cross contamination with nuts in November 2006. The affected packs contained nuts, which makes this product unsafe for individuals who are allergic to nuts. Product recalls such as these would adversely affect the corporate image and investor confidence. Online shopping has steadily grown in popularity in the UK. It has been estimated that by 2012 online sales will increase by 320%, to 60 billion per annum and would account approximately 20% f all retail sales in the UK. Although the company provides online services, it has a significantly lesser market share than its peers. For instance, the company's biggest competitor, Tesco has 66% f the K's online shopping market. The company's weak presence in this stream f business denies it he opportunity to gain market share in this rapidly growing sector. (Fisher

Greed Field Ventures Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Greed Field Ventures Limited - Essay Example Allison Madison has been in agricultural production since 1980s. He inherited a vast land at different locations. All together he inherited about 1150 acres. Only about half of the total farm land was cultivated at the initial stage. Farming was highly seasonal. Hence there the capital base was small. The turnover was about $89,500.00. Only the farm lands close to villages were cultivated. Labour was provided by villagers and seasonal migrants. There were no built structures except small round-shaped mud warehouses scattered in the village settlements. The crops produced were crops produced in the neighbouring village settlements. They were all cereals: maize, millet and guinea corn. Although production was above subsistence level, farm produce were largely sold in the village market. Thus prices were highly variable and unpredictable. There was no proper record of the inputs and outputs in the production process. Except for the processing of maize stalks into fence, there was no val ue added to the production process. By late 1990s Allison has settled down. The acreage inherited was fully utilized. The types of crops produced have increased. Ground nuts, soya beans and rice were produced. Manual labour was complimented by tractors. Two tractors were hired. The size and type of crops produced were not for village market. Two warehouses were consequently built, where farm produce were stored and sold when prices are favourable. A truck with capacity of conveying 3 tonnes was bought purposely for transporting produce to distant markets and buyers. Allison was assisted in the management of the farms by his son, with a degree in business administration, and his nephew with a diploma in agricultural economics.

The effect of terrorism since September 11,2001 to the present day on Term Paper

The effect of terrorism since September 11,2001 to the present day on the hospitality industry - Term Paper Example The hospitality industry felt the impacts more than any other sector or industry in the country. The attacks posed long-term repercussions that continue to reflect in hospitality industry. This essay will give scrutiny on the effects felt in the law, economic and tourism sectors. Tourism activities are reported to have decreased majorly owing to the fact that many passengers reduced travels to the USA. This is because when tourists visit the country they rely on the hotels and restaurant for accommodation, food and general upkeep. The image of the nation having been damaged by terrorist attacks caused visitors to fear for their security at the hotels since they are aware they are being targeted by the terrorists. For instance, cities like the USA as well as New York suffered10-27 % decline in revenue with regards to hotel room occupancy (Lin, 7). This was enhanced by media-led concerns about the terrorist attack that was heard all over and received worldwide attention making governments of other nations to givetravel advisory to their citizens. The tourism sector has been damaged by terrorism since even hotels situate at the airports faced economic recession by 20% for fear of terror attacks (Lin, 7). Moreover, the hotel industry has suffered deeply and seve rely from the 9/11 attack. Owing to the fact that hotels are usually one of the main targets of terrorists, this has resulted to decrease in hotel occupancy and average daily rate. Therefore, the hotel industry as pertaining to restaurants, lodging facilities, and guest houses experienced more negative effects as the bookings have greatly reduced (Prideaux 117). This is because the visitors avoid residing in the hotels in fear of terror attacks and hence they prefer remaining at their homes because they fear about their own security and safety. This has caused a significant negative impact on the country’s economy due to reduced revenues from guests’ room facilities. Terrorists

Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Berge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Berge - Essay Example The essay "Yves Saint Laurant and Pierre Bergà ©" discover Pierre Bergà © partnership with the famous designer and explores his role in success of the popular brand. Who was that unsung hero, and how did he come to meet St Laurent? Bergà © went so far as to pen his own account of the meteoric ascent from a mere inclusion in Dior’s stable to worldwide fashion phenomenon that was Yves St Laurent. In this account, he tells of his presence at St Laurent’s 1962 debut in Paris, writing an homage to the designer’s artistry. He understates his contribution, yet it is fully there: a subtle acknowledgment of the innumerable benefits that come from a long and stable association. A salute to the standing ovations that were to become part and parcel of these men’s careers. Bergà © was born into a middle class family where education and achievement were rewarded. His father was a sporting enthusiast on weekends, but an ordinary public servant who fulfilled ordinary tasks in the French tax office from Monday to Friday. His love of music definitely came from his mother, an amateur soprano, who understood the finer points of education and bequeathed her elegance and philosophies to her son. He went to Paris after his secondary education, probably without an inkling of what his future would bring. In 1958, Bergà © met Yves St Laurent. It was inevitable that the fashion ambience would have thrown them together. Paris has always been the kind of place that attracts the right kind of people to itself, and then of course to each other.

Wk2Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk2Journal - Assignment Example The vision of UNICEF is to develop a better world, where every individual can live a better life, while using the technology, skills, information and processes that are required to generate their individual solutions. The mission statement of UNICEF mainly talks about securing the rights of the children so that their basic needs are met and the children can develop their full potential under the best possible opportunities (UNICEF -1, 2013). Though the activities of UNICEF are quite broad in nature, however it is mostly focused on child survival, education, gender equality, policy development and partnerships. The funding of UNICEF is dependent on financial support from the governments as well various private donations. UNICEF is recognized as a not for profit organization and hence is exempt from tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (UNICEF -2, 2013). The challenges for UNICEF comprises of its ability to spread education and equality, fighting HIV and Aids and pr otecting children from violence. Through usage of strong data backed reports, the organization is trying to develop better policies, which will help in tackling the challenges. The organization faced a major crisis in 2012, when 1.1 million African children below the age of 5, faced the danger of acute malnutrition. The organization used social media for advocacy and fund raising activities and thereby successfully provided the needed treatment to over 920,000 children (UNICEF, 2012, p. 8). Apple is a US based multinational company, which is headquartered in California. Talking about a brief history of the organization, it can be said that the organization was founded in the year 1975 under the name of Apple Computers by the legendary Steve Jobs. The vision of apple is to be the global leader in innovation. The new mission statement talks about the company’s focus to simplify and gain perfection in its

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International trade - Essay Example claim for the insured amount in correspondence to the losses incurred by Emma, the eventual happenings indicate that Abbe Insurers, the insurance company, have denied Emma for the payable because she has only paid 70 percentage of the total purchase amount. Subsequently, this discussion will focus on unfolding all the legal aspects regarding the terms mentioned within the Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009 and determining whether Emma will be liable for the insurance amount. The applicable laws in the aforesaid case scenario can be identified as the claiming policies mentioned within the Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009. This law was enacted as an international trade law with the prime intention of safeguarding the interests of both the insurance agencies as well as the buyers of the goods (Richards Hogg Lindley, 2009; Chuah, 2009). With reference to the referred case scenario, it is noteworthy that Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009 comprises of multiple sections based on the evaluation of which, the claimed amount can be ruled as deliverable or otherwise by the court. For instance, the guidelines concerning this law state that the insurance companies will have to provide a full coverage to any form of damage to the purchased or the transported goods, only if the damage conditions and the factors does not fall under the clauses 4, 5 6 and 7 (Hodges, 2013). Thus, it can be stated that if the reasons related to Emma’s loss does not coincide with the se four mentioned clauses, she will be liable for the insurance amount from Abbe Insurers. The detailed explanations of these clauses have been provided in the later sections (Richards Hogg Lindley, 2009). The mentioned terms within section 4.1 states that the insurance company will not be liable to pay the insured amount for any loss or damage to the goods that have been insured if the damage appears to have been incurred intentionally. In simple words, based on the enquiry that will be conducted by the Abbe Insurers,

Supermax Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supermax Prisons - Essay Example The first feature of a control unit prison is that prisoners are kept in solitary confinement in tiny cells and they do not have the privilege of congregate dining, exercise, religious services and there are no work opportunities (CEML, par 2). Control unit prisons do not have official policies regarding their restrictions. Furthermore, the punishments inflicted on the prisoners are made in the guise of administrative measures (CEML, par 2). Reading through the article, one cannot help but feel pity for the prisoners of these control unit prisons. One was not aware that there is a proliferation of human rights violation inside the control units. The cruelty and brutality of the physical as well as psychological tortures imposed on the prisoners are beyond one’s imagination. Aside from the abuse that the prisoners suffer from the prison guards, there is no intention of rehabilitation in these control units. What is even more surprising is that many prisons in several states in the US have emulated the inhuman conditions that have prevailed in the Marion prison. According to prison officials, the spread of the control units all over the US is due to three reasons. They claim that the control units contain the most violent prisoners who need to be separated from other prisons (CEML, par 40). They go on further to say that violence is reduced because the most violent person is isolated. Lastly, prison officials argue that security can be minimized at the other prisons because of the reduction of violence brought about by the absence of the worst prisoners (CEML, par 40). As if the government was not satisfied with the ruthlessness in the Marion, it even created a replacement that boasts of tighter control for prisoners. The Florence prison is supposed to possess a â€Å"state of the art technology† with electronic doors, cameras and audio equipment (CEML, par 28). Human contact with prisoners

Petroleum Economic and Oil field management 2013-2014 Essay - 1

Petroleum Economic and Oil field management 2013-2014 - Essay Example The above are but some of the few reasons why there has been limited adoption of energy conservation. The huge amounts of income, derived as petro-dollars, do significantly contribute to various state-entities’ economic survival (ElBaradei, 2013). This affects the limited nature of alternative energy resource development taking place globally. The continued rate of global industrialization, which necessitates increased consumption of energy resources, especially oil and natural gas has been a factor of concern because conservation would pose a threat to continued industrialization. Another important factor is that alternative energy resources, though significantly advantageous than the more prominent fossil fuels, are unfortunately very expensive to develop. In addition is the factor of global application and viability, as none of the potential alternatives can at the current contexts, be exploited effectively to warrant a change from oil and natural gas utility (Leggett, 2001). The case scenario above is further impacted by the fact that there is a hold/ control of this sector. This is mainly by global multinationals, which are majorly Western-based and capitalistic in nature. These firms, are powerful actors in the prevailing international relations, and hence contribute to the slow pace of change. This is influenced by the fact that major revenues are gained, not only by these firm-entities, but also by their mother-nations, which are all powerful actors in the global arena. Consumerism, which as a phenomenon has been founded on en masse production of goods and service provision, further fuels the need for oil utility, in the production of various crucial products. The underlying global industrial base is thus, the main driver of fossil fuel consumption; significantly influenced by the global industrial output and human advancement

Planning for the Chevy Volt Essay Example for Free

Planning for the Chevy Volt Essay What Does the Chevy Volt Case Tell about the Nature of Strategic Decision-making at a Large Complex Organization like General Motors? Chevy Volt issues show how strategic decision-making at the leading complex company, for example, General Motors can be hard and exceptionally challenging. This is because they need more time to make sure that you have convinced other stakeholders to support the ideas for new work strategies (Holstein, 2009). In the case it showed that General Motors’ vice chairman and the head of RDD had agreed to make this in 2003, though other managers let them down; but later, in 2007, other managers joined their hands for Chevy Volt project’s success. The strategy is based on the assumption of reducing the emission of carbon and urges the citizens to avoid the produce of carbon in the environment (Holstein, 2009). The External Environmental Trends That Favored the Pursuit of Chevy Volt Project The external environmental trends that favored the Chevy Volt Project are lowering the oil prices. Introduction of lithium-ion sports cars by Tesla Motors in the market, concern for global warming issues which can end up to the tighter laws put in place to control the emission of carbon, falling costs for manufacturing batteries made of lithium-ion and selling of Toyota hybrid Prius indicated that clients demanded for vehicles that use fuel but do not produce carbon that affects the environment, causing environmental degradation ((Holstein, 2009). Impediments of Pursuing Chevy Volt Project Which Existed Within General Motors The factors that prevented the outcome of this project within General Motors are the finance and lack of enough support, needed towards the project, being afraid of failing once more at producing the non-working electrical vehicles and the issue in acquiring new technology to manufacture more lithium-ion battery. Finally, the total cost to promote the project was extremely high. The lack of agreement between General Motors’ managers for having different opinions hence ending up disagreeing. Chevy Volt Planning Seems To Be Based On The Assumptions Of Oil Prices Going Up, While In Late 2008, The Oil Prices Reduced And Even Weakened International Economic. The Nature of Strategic Planning The idea was mainly based on the existing trends and the market situation at that particular time. The strategic plan should focus on the present and future. Good company planning should be realistic and easy to carry out, specific and easy to track the outcome against the plan. Before making a decision, a good planning mechanism should be put in place to avoid future interruption ((Holstein, 2009). Strategic Planning Should Be Based On the Present and the Future The falling of oil prices means potential success of Chevy Volt. Specialists believe that the oil prices will remain high because supply of the commodity in the market is low, while the economy tries to recovers, the plea of the product rises and hence the return of a gallon gasoline. Will The Oil Prices Remain Low As Claimed By The Experts? No. Experts believe that the oil prices will remain high as the world economy grows. What will it take for the Chevy Volt to Be Successful? In order for the Chevy Volt to be successful, there should be introduction of new models and designs of vehicles that are being sold in the market and their ranking in the market and rise in fuel and production of competitive vehicles in the field of vehicle manufacture as compared to other companies producing the same product. It is necessary to make sure of proper marketing of its product through advance advertising of General Motors’ products in the best TV movies and even through celebrity shows to continue marketing of the new products. Proper advertising is done to the General Motors’ products, through appearing in hit movies, music videos, TV shows and other media (Gavarone, 2011). The choice of effective method of distribution depends on the market demand. The Analysis of How Risky Is It to Invest or Venture In General Motors When the new commodity does not sell in the market as expected or flops. Chevy Volt launching tends to be more expensive as it requires more finance and for General Motors to enjoy the benefits or return it will take several years. It can lead to disappointment because less return produced by the company at the selling time (Gavarone, 2011). The Costs of Failure of General Motors Decline in sales may be a result of recession in demand as compared to the previous years and hence losing clients to other companies. It may lead to the closure of General Motors due to poor management and production of new products in the market which could not be sold hence ending up in large loses (Gavarone, 2011). It failed as the company was unable to produce enough sales because of high prices and ignoring state’s rules and regulations. It may lead to the loss of more customers to other companies doing the same project becoming more successful. The Costs of Not Pursuing the Chevy Volt Project General Motors will fail if new brand of the car is the same with the one they have replaced. The cost of failure will be unusually high. This is due to the new product’s flop in the market and losses incurred during selling the new product that fails in the market (Gavarone, 2011). References Gavarone, G. (2011). Integrated marketing communications plan for the Chevrolet Volt. St.Bonaventure, N.Y: Jandoli School of Journalism and Mass Communication, St.Bonaventure University. Holstein, W. J. (2009). Why GM matters: Inside the race to transform an American icon. NewYork: Walker.

How Effective is the United Nations?

How Effective is the United Nations? How effective is the United Nations? Before we say that the U.N is or not an effective institution, we must know or assess their performance in all areas in which they are involved in. And after that why they have not been successful. Also its important to explain two different views, the realist defended by Hobbes, Weiss and the liberal view supported by great thinkers such as Kant, Adam Smith. The United Nations is an institution nowadays responsible for various issues, is involved in so many areas for example, collective security, peace keeping, health, environment changes, human rights, humanitarian aid and much more. This essay will expose in a simple way both points, views and evaluate its effectiveness in some of the areas I have mentioned above. The U.N was created in 1945 with the main purpose of the main objective of maintain the international peace and security. Is part of United Nations preventing conflicts against nations, finish them maintain the peace and establish the conditions to allow peace to prevail. The Organ responsible for that mission is the U.N Security Council. At this single area they found difficult to maintain the peace and prevent conflicts in some countries like we have seen in Rwanda genocide in 1994 were the U.N peace keeping forces despite the time they take to went there they were not authorized to use military maneuvers to achieve their goal, and it ends with ten soldiers were killed and close to one million Rwandans were killed equivalent to twenty percent of the population. The Sudan, Darfur case in 2003 considered by many one of U.N biggest failure, the United Nations rejected to do something about it , instead urging the African Union members to intervene. Only in 2006 some soldiers went to Sudan in seven years three hundred millions Sudanese’s civilians were killed. The Khmer rouge in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 had killed two million Cambodians amounting to thirty percent of their population and despite that once again the U.N failed. Weiss Realist thinker argue that the â€Å"logic of collective security is contrasted with the difficulties on its application† looking back at the cases I have mentioned realists would argue that the reason why the U.N failed to prevent them is largely due to the fact that the great powers , permanent members of the institution had little interest on those countries. Other cases like the Korean War had strong intervention from United Nations due some members’ interests. Despite that we cannot say that the they totally failed because it’s possible to state that was successful in some cases like Suez crisis , Cyprus , Yemen , west new guinea , Mozambique , Namibia as a result of that in 1988 the U.N peacekeepers were awarded the Nobel peace prize. When it comes to Health, the U.N organization WHO is the organ responsible for the promotion of health and development in poor countries that suffered consequences of conflicts. The smallpox program is the greatest achievement by WHO , with the cooperation of countries all around the world. The prevention activities , surveillance programs , strategies relied on mass vaccination , and other measures helped to eradicate the smallpox. Kant liberal theory defended that this international organizations gave a good response dealing and solving conflicts and health issues. The organization fulfill the goal of provide general health care effectively and get a good result in poor countries in needs. According to Kant their promotion have been succeeded and effective in what matter to health. Other area which U.N its involved and a key purpose and a fundamental issue it’s the Human Rights. The OHCHR office of the high commissioner for Human Rights is the organ that deal with the promotion respect and protection of the Human Rights , they have dealt well with the implementation of the principles in some African countries where torture , women and child rights , discrimination as to race , religion are not one hundred percent respected . In Europe we have seen some liberal approaches like Portugal, France, Germany, and United Kingdom. The same sex marriage, lesbian couple adoption have been legalized the recognition of the human rights and help for people with the disabilities and integration, equally than normal people. The protection of immigrants without documents and their families, the lesbian, gays, and bisexual rights have been placed on international agenda. States recognize the role of civil society in the advancement of human rights, there are now guidelines for states which support freedom , while determines where speech , cartoon , information constitutes a direct incitement to hate or violence , like Charlie Hebdo case. By many this steps were considered a win for those who defended the equality across all cultures and human beings. Concern to protection of the environment, the creation of a global program called The Earth Summit, in 1992 was the way founded to solve this question. That result in treaties on biodiversity, and measures taken to avoid climate change by many countries promoting at the same time the concept of economic growth while protecting natural resources. Other programs were started like sustainable energy for all , all that to avoid climate changes consequences like , sea level rise , melting glaciers , earthquakes , hurricanes .The Kyoto protocol is regarded as a big achievement and a strong effort to finish this problems. They had planned some decisions in 2014 in New York to be taken this year 2015 on the next seminar in Paris. All this actions showed how United Nations dealt and is always making efforts to prevent effectively the environment problems. At last but not at least one of most important area in the present days which the U.N is involved is the Humanitarian Aid. Achieve cooperation among states to solve international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character its one of the principles stated in U.N charter. The United Nations have done helping in the reconstruction of the Europe after Second World War , nowadays alongside with some other nongovernmental organizations. It’s possible to say that the U.N organizations responsible to solve this issue have made and still making a very good and efficient job dealing with human aid. UNICEF , United Nations Children Fund have responded well to problems such as nutrition , hygiene , basically education millions of kids have been denied the right so study , investment in girls education , social inclusion all over the globe. The United Nations Refugee Agency helped lots and lots of immigrants providing food, clothes, advices on asylum applications, provide transport to those returning home. All These actions resulted in two prizes Nobel peace prize for UNICEF in 1965, and Principe of Asturias. Great advance in the prevention and fight against HIV other very important step towards Human better living conditions To conclude the United Nations prove to be an efficient institution , because it’s unfair to do an evaluation , based in only one area no matter the importance given to this issue by the state members. The U.N Security Council failure has more to do with the cold war than other reason. The institution is nowadays more than a peacekeeper, an organization for conflict resolutions. They are more engaged in a vast array of work that seeks to improve people lives all over globe. So it’s possible to say that the U.N will be as good as the members will allow it to be. References http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/women/ http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/who5.htm http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/Adan/Peacebuilding%20Organizations%20%20Institutions%20-%20June%202011.pdf www.un.org wwwwww.isn.ethz.ch.globalpolicy.org Marketing Plan For Nestle: Kit Kat Nuts Marketing Plan For Nestle: Kit Kat Nuts Nestle is going to launch Kit Kat Nuts which is extension to the existing Nestle Kit Kat chocolate. Kit Kat Nuts will particularly target the young adult segment between the age of 22 to 40. Kit Kat Nuts has to compete with the well established chocolate brand like Snickers and Cadbury Fruit and Nut, Cadbury whole Nut. The quality of the products offered by Nestle to its customers will help to drive the sales of the Kit Kat Nuts. Kit Kat Nuts has its goal to minimize the losses in the first year with increasing the product awareness by huge promotional and marketing activity as well. In the second year it estimated to achieve at least break even point and thereby kick start the growth in the sales and profits. (1)Individual Situation Analysis report Nestle is worlds highly efficient nutrition, health and wellness provider. With head office in Vevey, Switzerland it was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle. Nestle company as a whole made up of various others brands which offers various products such as coffee, water, ice cream, chilled products, confectionary and chocolates, frozen foods, cereals etc. Nestle is delivering its product services to almost all over the world which is mainly possible due to thorough knowledge and understanding of the domestic nature of tastes, preferences and health of the people. Nestlà ©s main source of income is food and beverages, in addition it produces pharmacy product as well like Alcon. The food industry is very competitive field which means no company can feel relaxation at any time, therefore Nestle has to consistently evaluate its performance and search for the new ways of satisfying the customer needs. Nestle needs to carry on with its marketing strategy of segmenting the customers and producin g the product keeping in mind the trends and demands of the product. (1.1) Market summary: Since Henri Nestle started its operation in 1867 as a milk food provider, Children are one of the main targeted segments for the Nestle. In addition it spreads its market to adult and older people as well by targeting them their specific tastes and preferences. Kit Kat nuts will specifically target the adult people for the reason that children do not normally like the nuts but the adult people do prefer the chocolates with some nuts in it. The segmented market will be targeted for the near term say first two years and then after evaluating its performance it will be spread to other segment accordingly. Following table 1.1 summarizes needs and corresponding features/benefits of the Kit Kat nuts. Segment Customer need Corresponding feature /benefits Young students Healthy chocolate Kit kat nuts includes peanu which provides healthy options Working class Hunger Kit Kat nuts satisfies hunger needs by about 25% nuts in one product Old People Milk chocolate with some nuts Kit Kat Nuts includes 50% milk chocolate with option to buy dark chocolate as well. The competition in the confectionary market is so immense that Nestle has to match its every step with its industry rivals for continuous and long term growth of the company. (1.2) Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity , Threat analysis Nestle is a well established company and got huge experience of about 150years of providing highly qualified products. These facts provide great strength for the functioning in the competitive market. Nestle got weakness as lack of success in the organic food industry. Nestle got major opportunity to exploit their brand awareness in the market by launching new lines of products. The major threat consists of competition form the near rivals. Strength: Nestle got following strengths. High market share: Nestle is delivering its product to almost all countries in the world. Globally its share in the market is quite substantial. The first quarter sales of the year 2010 for the group were 26.3 billion with 4.8% internal growth. Branding: Nestle got ability to consistently keep the existing product in the mind of the consumer vis a vis extending the product line to cover additional market share. Nestle has been successful in keeping major brands from sleeping by renovating existing product lines. Recognizing local preferences: Nestle is performing its operations in the whole world. The main idea of understanding and producing the product according to the local nature of nutrition, health and wellness of the people provides strength to the company. Weaknesses: Insufficient growth in organic food: Nestlà ©s growth in organic food is not significant. In fact it was flat in 2008, even though industry grew 8.9%. Health and safety issues The FDA have been constantly examining the breakfast and cereals industry from quite some time. They are of a view that false claims like heart healthy and lower cholesterol should not exist on the packaging of the cereals. Lack of presence in retail market: Nestle is lacking in somewhat as a presence in the retailing market. The retailing section is very vital as most of the consumer go through the traditional shop for the day to day buying and if there is no existence or less existence of the Nestle product the sales going to be suffered. Opportunity: Introducing more health products: As they are market leader, it can introduce more health based products for the health conscious society. They are more likely to be successful because it is already accepted by the people as a health and wellbeing company and they got the successful history behind them. New acquisitions: Nestle is integrating in the developing economies with the help of new acquisitions of businesses which provides them opportunity to enlarge their share in the market. Opportunity in the emerging economies: There is vast amount of market in the new emerging economy like china and India. Nestle got significant operation in the emerging countries like India, china and Brazil. Threats: Competition: Nestle is competing with some of the big market giant like Cadbury(Kraft foods), Kelloggs, Heinz, Starbucks, Hersheys etc .These industry rivals poses all time threat to the company to put up its substitute product in the market. The FDA regulations In 2007 findings of the FDA suggests that certain pet food item were the cause of the death of the cat and dogs. The outcome is that tougher norms and regulations posed by the FDA for the import of the raw material from another country. Increase in the chocolate ingredients: Raw chocolate ingredients prices have increased substantially in last few years e.g in 2008 dairy costs itself consists of 50% alone. This threat often poses challenge on the company to produce the same standard quality products keeping in mind the pricing factor as well. 1.3 Competition The confectionary industry is highly competitive in nature. It comprises of other world class chocolate maker like Cadbury (now Kraft), Mars, Kelloggs etc. Nestlà ©s nearest rivals are Cadbury and mars. They often introduced new lines of products that are difficult to copied or produce the similar product. Following are the nearest competitors of the Nestle. Cadbury: Cadbury is one of the strongest competitors which got tremendous variety of products with significant market share. With the takeover of the Cadbury by Kraft which American base company, it has been stronger than before. Cadbury got presence in almost each country in the world with the various lines of products. Mars: One more US based company which produces various lines like mars, snickers, galaxy, bounty etc. Mars is not that much stronger competition as compared to Cadbury, but still it is starting to concentrate on the growing market like India and China. With our product of Kit Kat Nuts the first rival is Snickers which is being produced by Mars. As they got successful history behind providing the nuts product, it is going to be challenging for the Nestle to enter into the market with the new line. Kelloggs: Kelloggs is mainly competitive in the breakfast and cereal products and they are targeting the customers by variety of nutritional products. Nestle has been competing with Kelloggs by its cereal line like Cheerios, Minis, Chocà ³ Pic ets. Following table suggest the various competitor of the current product under study and their pricing. Competitor Features Recommended price Cadbury Made up with nuts 1.4 Product Offerings Nestle kit kat which is the existing product of the company and one of the highly selling chocolate in the world. Extending it to include the nuts to the chocolate will provide great additional feature to the existing product. Following are the main features which will be offered by the Kit Kat Nuts. New feature of nuts in the chocolate. The nuts will be roasted and will be fresh. Presence of caramel in between as well. Extention of the both normal and dark chocolate. Low amount of flavourings and maximum use of milk in the chocolate. 1.5 Distribution Channel Mostly retailers are the main channel of distribution for the Nestle .Nestle is using other forms of distribution like Supermarket Tesco and Asda for covering large market at one time. While it is worthwhile to think out of the box here that is it not the good idea to open Nestlà ©s own chain of stores around the market which will give company direct interaction with the consumer, decrease the presence of the middleman and increase efficiency in delivering those products. (2)Marketing Plan (2.1) Marketing Strategy: The marketing strategy of the product under study describes the objective of the product, what are the target markets and how the target market is going to be targeted? Positioning and pricing strategy, how the product is going to be distributed and advertising of the product. Objectives: As nestle is comparatively known to the market and already got healthiest brand in the market, following objectives has been set for the new product line Kit Kat Nuts. First year objective is to put maximum efforts towards familiarizing customers with the new line and try to cover at least 5% of the market covered by the other rivals. In the second year it is likely to introduce with new lines like kit Kat ginger. It is likely to show negligible profit or even loss in the first year, but in the second year equilibrium or significant profit may be achieved. (B)Target Segments *Market Segmentation is the process of dividing a market into subsections based on specific needs and wants. These people will have similar reactions to products. This will help marketers design their marketing mix (4 Ps!) (Kate Notes) Nestlà ©s main targeted segment will be the working class adult because nuts can provide for hunger needs with sufficient amount of calories in one chocolate. The secondary target will be older people as it can prove worth for the older people to have some nuts with the chocolates. Other markets that may be targeted are the young students studying in colleges and in universities. These segments then can be targeted for the advertisements and promotional activity of the product. It is important to note here that the segment created should be targeted using appropriate channel of advertisements otherwise it can lead to unexpected results for the future. It is vital to develop different strategy for the different group of persons for success of the new product line. (C)Positioning Positioning means creating the position in the mind of the cusotomers. Positioning may be done mainly in two ways. (1)Differentiation: Differentiating current product with the other product on the bases of superior quality. (2)Pricing: Setting competitive prices of the product so that creating position in the mind of the customer e.g Reynar has created themselves as a cheap air service provider in the mind of customer. For the product under review we will use differentiation strategy because Nestle got the image in the market as nutrition, health and wellness provider so there is no need to compete on the bases of prices. (D)Strategies Product: Product strategy will particularly emphasized on how many lines of product to be introduced, how the product should be packaged?, what kind of guarantee to be offered to the customer . Kit Kat nuts will be packaged similar to the normal Kit Kat but additional feature of picture of almond on the wrapper will be shown to pass the message to the customers that kit kat got nuts. In addition on the back side of that there will be short questionnaire to be complete so that gathering the views form the customers about the new product line. Each packet will contain returned information if customer is not satisfied with the product. Particularly Nuts word on the packaging will be highlighted in different colour to build up product awareness and brand awareness among the customers to easily locate the Nestle Kit Kat brand. For the first 6 months only Kit Kat 4 fingers will be extended to the new line, after assessing this short term outcome it will be spread to the other lines of Kit Kat. Pricing : Pricing strategy highlights the various pricing strategy at various time of the product in the near term. Kit Kat Nuts will be first sold to the wholesaler at the price of 13pound per box of 48 pieces and estimated 50p price per unit by the retailer. There will be promotional offers e.g get 48 for the price of 44 to be offered to the retailer to encourage them to buy and stock the Kit Kat Nuts so that to increase the availability of the product for the customers. Distribution Distribution strategy refers to determining the chain by which the product is going to be delivered to the end user. We can choose from available two options (1) Direct distribution or (2) Indirect Distribution. Indirect distribution is the only better option here as it is possible to reach wider market with the use of retailers and Supermarket than having specialized stores at one location. Most of the competitor is also using the indirect channel of distribution for the better service and availability of the product. Wholesalers and Supermarket will also be able to put the order online on the companys website. Marketing Communications The Communication with the targeted market is vital element of the strategy part. By the proper communication with the targeted segment and with the distributing channels better results and partnership can be buildup with agents or middle people. The retailers and other middle persons will be using push strategy by employing personal sale through the specialists sales persons. Further sales promotion activity like camp gathering and stall activity to actively communicate with the customers directly and bring there views and advises. By delivering messages through media and available communications resources, differentiation will be made between Kit Kat Nuts and the rivals product. Advertisement: There will be huge investment on the advertisement by Nestle.e.g The product is going to be launched in the moth of july which come across with the Football World cup, so advertisement will be made showing Football stars eating chocolates for hunger needs when one of the footballer being hungry form playing long football. (E)Marketing mix: Nestle Kit Kat Nuts will be introduced in July. Research outcomes will be gathered and accordingly the following various actions at various times will be taken. Initial set-up: It is going to be huge sales and promotional activities to be carried out in the months of May and June. Personal distribution of the template showing introduction of the Kit Kat Nuts will be introduced. Sample distribution will be undertaken to educate dealers and wholesalers to set-up the product launch in the july 1st quarter (July-sept): We will immediately start advertising our new product mainly through TV/ media. We will use other print media as well e.g Big Hoardings on the main roads showing new Kit Kat Nuts. 2nd quarter (Oct-Dec): As customers get familiar with Kit Kat Nuts, more sales promotion activity will be done by putting prizes under the wrapper, thereby encouraging the customers to buy more of the product. Christmas offers will be made to boost sales and brand awareness among the customers. 3rd quarter (Jan-March): We will introduce New Year sales for quick generating of the sales turnover and increasing market share and brand awareness. Last quarter(April-June): For the first ending year there will be special offers to be made to wholesalers and collaboration will be made with the Supermarket to kick start the new promotional activity for last gasp increase in the sales for the first year ending. (F)Marketing Research: By using a well designed, well executed form of marketing research and data collection, decision makers will have the best quality information at hand and will be able to make informed decisions for the product and the company. (Kate Notes) It is clear from the above stated statement that with the well organized research and development operation, it is possible to be proactive to the future trends in the market. Marketing research facilitates to gain timely knowledge and understanding of the changes in the consumer tastes and preferences and take decision accordingly. Nestlà ©s marketing research is one of the key factor behind its success in various product development. Nestle got 29 research centre worldwide by which every efforts has been made to understand and deliver product according to domestic nutrition level and health requirements. With the help of various research techniques like surveys, answers to the questionnaire, getting feed back form the consumer by adding additional feature in the packaging for the consumer suggestions will be used to verify any changes to be made in the product .Marketing research will provide base for the new product development and innovation in the new market opportunity. (2.2)Financial matters Financial matters are the estimated forecast of the sales and expenditure of the company using suitable method of statistics. In the starting year of operation sales revenue is expected 30million pound, with an average wholesale price of 40p and variable cost per unit 20p for units sale of 7.5million and with the fixed cost of 20million pound. It is anticipated to show a net loss of 5million pound in the first year. The Net loss in the first year is mainly due to the higher material cost and heavy advertisement expenses for the promotion and distribution of the new product in the market. But the situation is expected to improve in the second year because of fewer expenses on the advertisement and increase in the sales revenue. At the end of the second year it is expected to achieve break even point or to achieve better than expected result by showing Net profit. The estimated sales for the second year is expected to 40million pound at the wholesale price of 40p with the variable cost at18p and fixed cost similar to the previous year at 20 million pound by selling 100 million units so that to show net profit of 2 million. (2.3) Controls: There may be time when company does not achieve the desired results in the near term, but that is not the end of the world. The actual result will be compared with the budgeted or expected results and the difference may be put forward in the meeting of the senior executives or marketing department. Controls are being performed for the better implementation and organization of the marketing activities. Implementation: Control measures have been monitored to effectively understand any deviation from the planned action, to efficiently locate the causes for the difference in the action and actual outcome and to take corrective steps. These will ensure that customer satisfaction is being given due importance and that quality standards have been maintained. Marketing Organization Marketing organization may be created for the effective implementation of the action plan. Marketing department may be organized by function or by geography, product, and customer. Individual critical reflection on learning outcome Creating shared value is a fundamental part of Nestlà ©s way of doing business that focuses on the specific areas of the companys core business activities namely Water, Nutrition and rural development-where value can best be created both for the society and shareholders. (http://www2.nestle.com/CSV/Pages/CSV.aspx) One of the main reasons to believe that Nestle delivers value to the customers is that every function and operation has been performed keeping in mind the nutrition, health and wellness of the people. Nutrition, Health and wellness is Nestlà ©s strategic direction. Through science based nutrition product and services, emphasis has been put to enhance the quality of the lives by providing care for the consumers and healh supporting.With the opearation in almost 100 countries over the world by over 20000 employees worldwide Nestle Nutrition operates in basic 4 key areas. Infant Nutrition Weight management Healthcare Nutrition Performance Nutrition Achievements from study of the elements of the marketing mix and role of different element in achieving marketing objectives. For any business organization or entity, the concept of marketing used to be given utmost importance. To be more specific most of the decisions under the marketing management lies around the decision of the 4 Ps of marketing mix namely Product, Price, Place, and Distribution. Marketing Management module provided in depth knowledge which is left unattended by the previous understanding of the subject. I used to believe that Marketing is only a science that follows set of methods and guidelines, but at the end of this module I came to know that marketing is not only science but it both art and science. The Marketing mix of the product assumes that the lerner have fundamental insight of the marketing but not in depth knowledge. I am likely to change my views on application of various marketing tools because of the creative understanding brought forward by the module. In between the process of learning I felt that Marketing is really a very wide concept which requires in depth knowledge and expertise for the individual to gain success in the real world. Tesco: Marketing and Strategy Options Tesco: Marketing and Strategy Options Introduction The marketing strategy is usually a written report or a business plan that helps in the development of generic products on the market, and also addresses issues such as distribution, promotion, marketing objectives and identity the product on the market. The marketing strategy may include the option to salary, position in the market segment. The marketing concept is the most important agreement for any organization to achieve high growth rates in this competition, humanity, one of the most successful participants in the present way of being the life of the organization Business, marketing strategies, and programs. Marketing strategy, the details of this investigation have the example of Tesco, the group of important commercial products in the United Kingdom (Great Britain). Jack Cohen was the founder of the organization of Tesco in 1919 in east London, retired from the day the market Cohen deserves the profits of  £ 4 on the date of creation of the organization, the name Tesco was published in 1924, Cohen was sending floor area well and Mr. T.E with the initials of his organization as Tesco referred to later in Burnt Oak, north London opened Cohen bought the lighthouse design 1932 and later Tesco, Tesco is a limited liability company, this research helps to Tesco, which is a business organization to take the marketing strategy adopted by the company of several of her mandate, you know. (Tim Clark, 2008). Tesco is good, as is well known that the organization of food retailers in the UK, of course, better for customers and Tesco is making their services, although Tesco has some of the principles and theory, that the organization is functioning better than their competitors at the most common principles are based Tesco to improve its business processes to customer satisfaction, ease of access of personnel, investment in cheaper for Tesco. These are the key to the success of any business organization to run successfully if each business unit will not reach any of the above principles, there would be a possibility of falling into the desired organization market. corporate competition is strong in this type of Tesco retail market, but should be able, the value chain for its customers remain confident in all areas, including recruitment, as customers in the market are the real candidates, everyone in the organization must do its work effort to satisfy our customers to develop the organizati on. Another organizing principle is simple personal Tesco cannot say that ordinary people are more like highly skilled workers and able to solve problems very efficiently designed for simple solutions when complex issues are listed in the client and organization. The third principle is the implementation of investment services cheaper and better Tesco, take the large number of customers for the organization to provide (Rosie Blau, 2002). This research may also be useful for some basic frame work to determine how corporate development programs for the implementation of effective customer service. Organizational development programs in general are one of the processes to develop internal capacity of the effective height for the proper functioning of the organization for a long period. The scope of the work of organizational development programs to operate as a key program for all team members for their hard work to fight if they are entitled to their efforts to accomplish the operation and development is organization, the main objective of these types of programs for working with money and vision for the functioning of the organization. Here are some of the basic frameworks are works that are useful for the development of the organization as follows; Survival of the organization If an organization has been able to understand the critical transitions and developed their basic systems would not the chances of survival for the period of time, otherwise it would have collapsed. The Best quality If a marketing organization is able to civilize the quality of work through technical or human investments that can acquire more space in the market. Resource Availability To hold the handle to a company able to generate resources for their work should module on the market. Moral values An organization must have moral values and the client must be carried out internally first and not let the market. Teamwork All members must drive in the form of development cooperation organization in the development of staff and council can improve the performance of the program module, it would be possible to work when an organization has managed to generate cash and energy used to accomplish the mission. The above conditions would be key to the success of Tesco Organization (Ann Philbin and Sandra Mikush, 1999) The research methodology for the development of the organization provides some of the techniques and models used to develop the marketing plan. Avoids many researchers who wrote a marketing plan of the company, all unnecessary expenses if there was a perfect marketing plan would have a dramatic impact on helping sales decline could be tested. So the perfect marketing plan is useful and prevents the collapse of the communication activities of a page, even when agitated. The marketing plan should not be expansive long and complicated, because it is much easier to document, in which the trust. The most important techniques for developing the marketing plan below is used. Situation Analysis First, we must look at the situation of the organization and its market position, intensity and other factors that may affect the marketing strategies, analyzing the situation of market research. The most important aspects that should and must take into account considerations. Challenges if the enterprise is established with the target market at the moment the client before the challenge and built the capacity to attract customers. Your business must be a unique advertising strategy. If you analyze the situation, competition and the number of different things on the market (George Rodriguez, 2010). The methodology of the research on the organization of Tesco explains the detailed summary of the different types of marketing and strategic choices of the organization to promote the adoption of development for any business organization, its activities, which built the four main strategic options markets are, The sale of existing products to existing customers The main advantage of choosing this type of option by the organization because of the less risky option, in which the organization will be more customers for existing products can be found, is easier if the client has played a small role in the niche market recently, most companies include this kind of attracting customers. Sales of new products for existing customers In this type of marketing organization options, the risk is low compared to the previous option is more strategy to the client would be responsible for the type of relief for the organizations resources. Expanding existing products into new markets This marketing option is useful for understanding the demand for existing products where the risk is low compared to the previous options, but not with big eyes, you must decide whether the organization has taken the best route, and product image Business, sales processes and promotional materials are considered to carry the products on market considerations, such as real benefits to extend the application of their mode of operation, customer service and the best time to inspect the goods on the market are included in the considerations. Develop new products for new markets This option is more risky compared to the option in the strategy market since the implementation of the new product on the market may again lead to the diversification measure. Its moving a big challenge for companies in emerging markets at best, and it would be difficult to distribution channels of the facility, managing customer expectations and generate demand for existing competitors, the difficult task which requires large resources, drawn below the curve is called a risk that would be in the range of services or goods collected by organizations (convalescent Stuart, 2010) Tesco has not built individually, but you have to develop their organizations, with the assistance of interested parties, interest groups are nothing more than the particular group of people interested in group activity different from their own interests in the economy, in this case, Tesco has many players are tracking some of them. Customers In general, customers are acting as the main actors in society in general, clients stay ahead of products to choose low-cost and search for variety of products. Tesco is correct actually happened on the client and get more customers to the Organization, Tesco can best business solutions to its clients, which are the main source of income, customers apply pressure on the organization, Tesco has regular reviews with your company to meet customer demand and keep in touch with them, feedback from customers who have a major impact on Tesco because they can suggest ways to improve the strategy cases that the comments of staff shortages such as in the field have a great impact on the activities of Tesco in the organization is unable to respond to customer feedback, the proportion of losing the client. Personal Employees of the people who pay in Tesco Organisation for their work in the organization, employees must be diversity of skills to your salary is decided, the employees working in different sections for their skills, such as cash registers , so clean, if Tesco can find all the staff works hard to develop the organization, he would be entitled to promotion criteria in the organization, the staff is also the main shareholder of the corporation, the organization of the State, offer good working conditions for employees who otherwise would not have a good service to their employment, employees have the greatest impact on the organization of Tesco, the key role in the companys huge profits. Financial It is most important to Tesco, because they need funding to expand its operations, expanding its activities the organization can create more interest from members who work in Tesco, Finance also act as an important player for business because it is the only source of Tesco, if the transaction goes smoothly. Related Searches Other key stakeholders of the company is the supplier, and they expect to offer products for sale at Tesco any other source of income for suppliers of Tesco good is the main reason that acts as a provider of Tesco, in Indeed, Tesco, good supplier to inform the company of about supply in an average time to do so (Medium-Low, 2008) For participation in the above-mentioned strategies for personnel, human resources function is key to winning the implementation, the role of staff in recognition of the responsibility of the personnel department in the implementation of the strategy business, the success of implementation strategies have an impact throughout the organization, ministry staff, the only department that may have access to activities to all employees who have the human resources department informed of problems arise in the implementation strategy of Tesco, this thesis also provide that the HR function is also central to the organization. (2008) Using the theory involves a single prediction that the organization must have certain core values and vision to make a strong base can be implemented within the organization. The values of the organization is at the heart of the vision and shape of the daily operations of the organizations mission, working with the organization describes the role of play and the future functioning of organizations is, if the mission of organization in the realistic evaluation of the company can control this inquiry, the mission, vision and values of the person to make bricks in all decisions of the organization. These aspects are useful for the development of applied following table captures the relationship with the vision, mission and values that are the most important aspects of the organization are known One of the basic skills in achieving the vision, mission and objectives of governance of the organization, the concept of governance is that decisions are taken by the organization on critical issues effectively. A rigorous governance body will provide funding crisis decision-making body; the organizations with the lifeless body of government long-term stay in the organization, more effective management of the organization to build trust between the members are active. The main objective of the government must pay good decisions and policies that reflect the moral values of the organization of corporate governance and contributes to the understanding of social relations between members of the organization. The main functions of the governing body of any organization are to develop skills in members and also to develop leadership qualities (Ann Philbin, Sandra Mikush, 1999) Recently, many changes in Tescos business environment it faces, Tesco is strongly influenced by the many difficulties such as uncertainty affects the market, except for strategic decisions of the difficulties mentioned above includes the Tesco analysis and identification of economic, social, political and technological and business process and PEST analysis is known, in recent years, Tesco in the list of organizations, changes in market environment, as Policies Thats the kind of questions concerning the organization of risk, as Fiscal policy Government stability Regulation of Foreign Trade Monopoly Law Commission Labour Law Economic factors This is the section which covers aspects such as Trends Gnp Inflation Unemployment economic cycles Disposable income Socio-cultural In this field of analysis of problems encountered by Tesco Income Distribution Social Mobility Level of education changes in lifestyle Technological aspects Technological aspects of issues such as technology issues Survey on government spending A rapid increase in technology transfer Price (Ahsan Majeed, 2005) With the help of discussions on this research methodology, Tesco said that previous efforts to overcome successfully created due to changes in the environment and leading the organization to succeed, it is expected that a more is to act effectively change the environment, the criteria for Tesco in the first position in the market has been a great success of Tesco in achieving customer satisfaction and provide a real service to customers, if n is not the answer to Tesco of these changes would not have had the opportunity to abandon the enterprise as a result, a great loss to the organization. Although the organization is most effective when Tesco has some of the major functional areas of the company that performed the operation of his business, small or function of organizations working to bring these people regularly, bill payments and respond to customer requests for this type of work can be limited rights in small firms, but where large companies as it was considered that if the sp ecific tasks and specialize in such large areas is easier to identify employees and between different sectors and ministries, and each of his department has strengthened its position in a particular field. The various functional areas can be presented schematically Tesco, which is then applied, The main objective of the functional areas to ensure that, in order to conduct operations effectively, the main administrative functions of the business organization, Administer This functional area within an organization for all companies in the market is needed in small-scale organizations, this function is to pay a single command, and the bills keep up, while most public place by the relevant authorities main operating, Collect and send emails Document recovery organizing meetings In response to questions collect information provisions for the road Arrangements for interviews and events Service function Another major objective of the organizational functions of the service to their customers, looking all business units to customers who are concerned about the products of these reasons, a separate customer service must be configured to your needs, the duties of customer service, In response to customer demand Provide information to customers Complaints feedback to improve service Functions of HR The most important resource of the human resources function of workers in the organization, most organizations in support of marketing companies with a well trained for the activities of its activities is the human resources function for larger adaptation of new employees in the organization so that the best person for the organization at all organizational functions, select the human resources function is most important because it is a long and expensive process, the hiring the candidate can cause instability in society. New employees are likely to initiate programs for the people involved made the industry and regulators to build a rule, is the other main task of the Human Resources Unit to provide adequate training and staff development which should ensure greater that the company retains qualified employees, to expect people often say that their employers treated and paid fairly and have the appropriate working environment, human resources of this monitoring process the state to help staff work and social policy, most organizations monitoring the conditions of their employees through their trade associations representing workers Senior Communications Human Resources organizations and to inform direction changes, which have the most employees in the organization of their legal obligations regarding health and safety, the working procedure of the main functions of human resources, Press advertising and vacancies the communication possibilities for personal advancement Keep all competitors monitoring the work Keep a record of accidents, such as health and safety Record the employees absence Maintain personnel records Preparation of corporate social policy Therefore, previous discussions, we can say that the HR department is to assume a crucial role in the organization. To effectively carry out its operations Task5 (a) Tesco has to be part of the implementation plans for the execution of preferred destinations and a number of important factors for planning and implementation of market strategy. Tesco should be aware and fully with the conversion table on the following issues and review and often for the successful implementation of organizational strategies. This implementation includes the following topics listed below. Approach This plan refers to the attention of Internet resources in the area and meets the rewards. Objectives This factor should increase the effort and investment, provides for the organization. Competitive Advantage This section of the plan refers to the method of operation in the region, where strong competition, if an organization is not aware of this fact that would probably fall back from its competitors. Superior Performance This action plan is important for the organizations plan, all its members, this strategy must also recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the companys position and meets the needs of the market would be a useful framework for working with success of the organization with market forces. Sustainable competitive advantages This strategy proposes ideas may also work for the organizational period. Innovation and Creativity Create new and innovative ideas and thoughts will help to improve the organization and location of the organization at the cutting edge in comparison with other organizations. Flexibility This is one of the plans for implementing marketing strategies for the invention of new flexible products are allowed, they are difficult to support the number of opportunities that are sensitive to the reality of time working with decisions business, such as Chance and weaknesses of the plan. Basic conceptual simplicity The strategic plan includes plans for some long and complicated, the constant adaptation and change requires a different time, the organization must be aware of information that most strategic plans are based on historical information and forecasts the future. The ability to participate This is the ultimate key to the implementation of any marketing plan is a wonderful strategy makes sense if you support the implementation of its mission, vision and objectives to achieve the desired organization (Brain Monger, 2006). This method of support for research on various aspects, methods and application of the theory that the marketing agency for business growth in the market to determine approval. Must be developed to carry out activities in the marketing strategies of a master plan for any challenge as a variety of implementations that are necessary to implement the plan. The platforms and steps for planning and presentation of the implementation of the marketing strategy are included Action required The services sector includes all activities related to products, pricing and promotional activities and some of the specific application areas such as structural changes, training of staff. Event Time This segment is to plan and schedule of activities is necessary before playing. Identify activities by other means. Most marketing strategies should be in the order that the writing, production and delivery. These activities should be isolated from other activities and services. Order Placement This is the part of managers to control the driving plans of all activities and how to determine the individual activities. Assign responsibility This suggests that managers, many employees, teams and departments to deliver specific activities assigned. Task5 (b) Effective implementation of the development plan is to start operations in a spreadsheet, provides information on individual activities in the Master Plan. Drawn below the graph represents a plan for implementation of marketing activities marketing structure includes different types of elements in the implementation of plans. Figure source: Market Strategy Marketing Strategy This element of the application includes the companys products, distribution, pricing and promotional activities of products. Shared values and goals These application notes are a solitary maintain the unity of the whole operation. Marketing structure This segment includes the activities of the corporate structure of organized marketing. System and process This request covers work activities, the various activities of the inputs to ensure the production of information and activities of the production company of your operation can absorb. People This sector guide implementation firm for the recruitment of skilled workers and their conditions of optimum training, motivation, commitment and satisfaction. Resources Resources include a variety of assets to be purchased together in the implementation of marketing strategies. Leadership This segment manager application guide, how to communicate with all members of the unit and the implementation of programs such as employee motivation (OC Ferrell, Michael D. Hartline, 2008). Task 5 (c) This research on market strategy provides information on various types of risk management strategies in different circumstances. Most researchers focus on such topics as strategies-ante and ex post market structure. ex ante actions that occurred before the loss and ex-post measures were taken after the disaster occurred appeal. For example, firefighters noise after the fire has been exhausted is a posteriori strategy starts from the fall of the chimney after the fire a. In other words, this strategy can be described as a risk coping and risk mitigation techniques that act as synonyms for ex-post and ex ante market strategies. Morduch (1995) calls these two strategies are the measures of income and consumption smoothing. ex-ante strategies are not generally focus on issues such as health risk and income, the market prices are uncertain. Consumption smoothing is never a perfect choice of the strategy of the business thereafter. There were many more changes in the cost of preventive hom e care, health and food preparation took place after the loss, this discussion will help the other strategy is to assess post-ante and former and provide solutions to these issues this thesis. (Marcel Fafchamps, 2003). Task (D) This research is also intended as a guide for managers, the various steps and measures for action to be taken into consideration before implementing new strategies, because the choice of strategy and undesirable aliens would be a great loss for the effective organization created as a loss prevention manager must be able to implement a plan for the organization to understand.

In Love and War Essay -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"In Love and War† Abstract: Women of Afghanistan are forced to live under oppressive regulations set forth for them by the men of their societies. Women have virtually no rights to do anything for themselves. There entire lives are controlled by and lived for someone else. Through their songs, they lament the conditions of their lives and are able to convey a beauty in their verses that all people can identity with. (67 words) Key Words: Pashtun, women, honor, oppression, songs Love and war, two concepts that are so contradictory it is hard to believe they could ever coexist simultaneously in one society. War is a state of conflict, hostility and chaos which reeks havoc on civilizations as opposing forces struggle to defend their cause not matter what the price. Throughout history the world has seen the devastation such conflict can bring; from the gory conquests of the ancient Romans, to the horrific Nazi Holocaust in World War II, to the bloody battles between government forces that raged in Afghanistan. It is in this world of mayhem and cruelty that Pashtun women must carry on their lives. They attempt in whatever possible to find and salvage any kind of love and beauty amidst the turmoil of their warring nation. These women must find ways to stay strong and resist the oppression forced upon them by their patriarchal society which coerces them into hard physical labor as well as demeans their humanity as their status is reduced to nothing more than prope rty (Majrouh XIII, XIV). The song of the Pashtun woman is her escape, her release, and her joy as she unites with other women in her community and sings out against her oppression. Through these landays, or songs, one sees another dimension to the lives of Pashtun women as they transform the misery and grief of their everyday lives into a spirit of beauty as they lament against their oppressors and find ways to love even in a time of war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to fully appreciate and understand what is conveyed through the songs of these women, one must understand the historical, social and political context in which they are living. Afghan women have lived and continue to live in an oppressive patriarchal society where they are not even regarded as full fledged citizens, and where men control all political, social and economic powers. In the Saur Revolution in April 1978, civil war in... ...xists in the lives of Pashtun women, their songs live on to communicate a spirit of beauty amidst their helpless plight. Through careful analysis of her songs, we are able to see behind the veil and reach the rich heart of the Afghan woman. There is a joy in her songs that illustrates the perseverance of the human spirit. No matter how demoralized one’s life may be, there is a spirit within us all to survive; a spirit that cannot be crushed even in the bloodiest of wars or the most hostile of oppressions. It is this universal desire the endure and find quench the thirst for human happiness that connects us all the Pashtun women and their beautiful songs. (1915 words) Works Cited Majrouh, Sayd Bahodine, ed. Songs of Love and War Afghan Women’s Poetry. Paris:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Editions Gallimard, 1994. Moghadam, Valentine M. Revolution, Islamist Reaction, and Women in Afghanistan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ed. Mary Ann Tetreault. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1994. Works Consulted Moghadam, Valentine M, ed. Gender and National Identity Women and Politics in Muslim Societies. London: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Western :: Papers

Western Some stupid cowboy guy went into a dump of a town called Wisbech. The local Sheriff came up to him, "what are you doing here," he asked. "None of your business," replied the stranger calmly. "Ok, pay your tax," said the sheriff. "Go to hell!" said the Stranger, as he divedto the side drawing his Colt 45 pistol, firing only one shot towards the small town sheriff, the stranger rolled behind a barrel then ran off down a back alley behind the saloon. The bullet hit a window just next to the sheriff, shattering it. The shot automatically brought out the deputy sheriff from the sheriff's office; he appeared with a benneli 12 ball shotgun poised ready to protect his sheriff. The deputy ran over to the sheriff, "I'm too old for this crap," the sheriff said just after what seemed a never ending sigh. Days passed without any sighting of this certain stranger, but things had started to happen, things that hadn't happened previously such as bread and beer being stolen, a horse equipped with a saddle, shotgun and rounds had been stolen during the night from outside the blacksmiths. On April the 9th this stranger decided to go for a drink, he rode the stolen horse right up to the side of the saloon, jumped off and slowly walked in. He walked up to the bar sat down and shouted "service! Service." The bar tender strolled up to this man and replied. "Yes, sir and how can we help you today?" "Get me a beer," the stranger replied in a disgruntled manner. The sheriff and his deputy walked in at this point, they walked either side of this half drunk stranger, each putting their hands on each of his shoulders, he spun round grabbing the guns from both of their holsters and rolled backwards over the bar, he lifted his hat. The sheriff recognised his face but where from? "Leave me alone or else!" the tall, dark scruffy looking stranger threatened. "Or else what?

Melting Pot of America :: essays research papers

Melting Pot of America Migrations As Population grew during the Paleolithic period, people wanted more space to live a roam about. Since they didn’t have a stable place to live, they were always moving and finding better places. Evidence indicates that the first peoples to migrate into America, coming from northeastern Siberia into Alaska (the Bering Straits), were carrying stone tools during Paleolithic period. They lived in groups of about 100. They used skin tents for shelter. They were nomadic, moving camp several times each year to take advantage of seasonal sources of food. Groups gathered a couple times a year to trade and gather valuable information that could be obtained about new sources of food or raw materials. It led families to move into new territory, eventually into Alaska and then farther south into the Americas. Evidence from the study of Native American languages, and materials, suggest that these earliest migrations may have taken place around 30,000 years ago. Bone tools, founded in Canada , have been discovered that have been radiocarbon-dated to 22,000 BC. Early Population It is estimated that at the time of first European contact, North and South America was inhabited by more than 90 million people: about 10 million in America north of present- day Mexico; 30 million in Mexico; 11 million in Central America; 445,000 in the Caribbean islands; 30 million in the South American Andean region; and 9 million in the remainder of South America. These population figures are a rough estimate (some authorities cite much lower figures); exact figures are impossible to ascertain. When colonists began keeping records, the Native American populations had been drastically reduced by war, famine, forced labor, and epidemics of diseases introduced through contact with Europeans. Europeans reactions Early Europeans were welcomed by the Native Americans to America. Native Americans viewed the visitors in amazement because of their clothing, ships, their technology (steel knives and swords, guns, mirrors, kettles) and other items unusual to the way of life of Native Americans. The ultimate goal for the Europeans was God, Gold, Glory, and it is because of this that ruined the good relationship between Europeans and the Natives. In the end the Europeans would overpower the Natives and would ultimately take their gold, have their glory, and make them believe in their god. Religion Most Native Americans believe that in the universe there exists an Almighty.

Avg Antivirus

AVG  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that’s short for  Anti Virus Guard  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is a PC security package that provides comprehensive protection against the latest threats on the internet today. It is supported and trusted by millions of users across the globe. The authors of AVG provide free antivirus and antispyware protection for home users because for them, it’s a win-win situation   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ you get the protection you need, and they get to know about any viruses you encounter which helps keep the protection comprehensive. Please feel welcome to take a look at our other articles too, the latest are published in the column to the left- along with the most popular essay writers wanted.How to install AVG Antivirus Step 1. Download AVG You can download AVG FREE by  clicking here. When prompted, click the Run button. Notes: * Downloading AVG could take several minutes even with a broadband connection, so be patient and make yourself a cup of tea while you wait. * You are in no way o bligated to pay GRISOFT / AVG anything, so you won’t need to enter any credit card details or even personal details. But there are other versions of AVG, so if you like it you might consider supporting the company’s efforts by purchasing their commercial product. Step 2. Start the InstallationNow that AVG has downloaded, the installation wizard will start. Your PC might ask you if you’re sure you want to run the file, if it does you’ll need to click Run to confirm. Notes: * You’ll have a short wait while AVG extracts. Step 3. The Installation Phase – â€Å"Welcome to the AVG Free Setup Program† First screen:  You’ve just entered the Wizard, so click Next. Second screen:  For the Acceptance Notice, click Accept. Third screen:  It’s a license agreement, read it if you want to, otherwise just click Accept. Fourth screen:  It’s a waiting game! Let the installer do its job and wait patiently.Fifth screen:  St andard or custom installation? Choose Standard, and click Next. Sixth screen:  Activate your AVG Free License. If the user name isn’t your own name, change it. Click next. Seventh screen:  AVG Security Toolbar You may want to install the toolbar if you visit websites that are questionable, or if others use the PC and you are unable to monitor their usage. The Toolbar will alert you when it thinks a website is a potential threat, the downside is it makes your browser a bit slower. If you don’t want to install it, untick the box. Click Next. Eighth screen:  Setup SummaryNothing of interest here. Just click Finish. Nineth screen:  Don’t worry about this one, leave it to do its job and go make yourself another cuppa! (No picture for this one! ) Tenth screen:  SUCCESS! Installation is complete! Click OK. — NOTE: You may have to restart at this point, so be prepared to do so. — Step 4. AVG First Run Wizard First screen:  The First Run Wizard helps set up AVG to suit your needs. Click Next. Second screen:  Schedule regular scans and updates Adjust the time to a time that is more convenient. Your computer will need to be switched on to perform a scan.It’s also worth noting that you can optionally disable this scan if your computer is generally slow to perform – you can run scans manually whenever you feel the need. Click Next. Third screen:  Help us to identify new online threats AVG offer this service free of charge to you and millions of other users, you can help them improve the service by reporting information about potentially malicious websites. If you don’t mind AVG knowing which websites you visit, then enabling this feature shouldn’t be a problem. Otherwise, you may want to leave it disabled.Click Next. Fourth screen:  Update AVG protection Click Next on this screen, and AVG will perform an update. Fifth screen:  AVG Update Whilst it is updating, go make yourself another cup of tea! Once completed, you can click Next. Sixth screen:  Register AVG Anti-Virus Free. Optionally you can register your copy of AVG – but there is no obligation, so if you want to you can just click Next. Seventh screen:  AVG protection configuration is complete You’re done, your AVG security software is now fully installed and protecting your computer from the evils of the internet.